Machine for turning irregular forms



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. ULKEHR.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR FORMS.

No. 372,806. Patented Nov. 8, 1887.

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(N9 Model.) I 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

0. KEHR. MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR FORMS.

No. 372,806. Patented Nov. 8, 1887.

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CYRUS KEHR, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO ROBERT S. WILLIAMS AND CHARLES H. ROBERTS, BOTH OF SAME PLACE, AND JOHN G. MANA- HAN, OF STERLING, ILLINOIS.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR FORMS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 372,806, dated November 8, 1887.

Application filed May 27, 1886. Serial No. 203,466. (No model.)

such as will enable, others skilled in the art to to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being "had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

1 5 My invention relates to machines for turning irregular forms, and has more especial reference to that class of such machines in which an exterior surface is fitted to be received by a cavity, the walls of such cavity guiding the knife of the machine in the process of turning.

The invention is shown herein as applied to turning theends of wagon-axles to receive their skeins. The interior of these skeins is oval, ovate, or irregular in cross-section, and

the degree of departure from a circular crosssection varies at different points along the length of the skein, and the mean diameter of the skein also increases from its inner to its outer end. Consequently provision must be 0 made for a constant variance in the path of the knife corresponding to the irregularities in theinterior of the skein, irregularities on the interior of the skein being produced in reverse on the exterior of the axle. Heretofore this work has been done successfully in only one mode-namely, by the use of a machine having a cutter-bar pivoted at its center and rotating in a direction transverse to the plane of oscillation and progressing longitudinally 0 as it rotates, one end thereof acting as a tracer upon the inner wall of the stationary skein and the other bearing the knife and rotating around the end of the fixed axle and cutting it down to the required form, said knife and said tracing end being, when the machine is in operation, on opposite sides of and in a line extending diagonally through the axis of rotation. During the operation of cutting a plan of the machine. Fig. 2 is a section in line as a; of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan with the carriage removed. Figs. 4 and 5 are detail views of the cutter-bar and cylinder.

A is the frame of the machine, which is provided at its sides with the parallel inwardly- 6o directed tongues A A. B is a. sliding carriage having channels B at its sides, into which the tongues A fit. Said carriage has an opening, B ,,at its middle, and at each end a bearing, B to receive the trunnions G of the cylinder 0. Said cylinder 0 is hollow and open at its ends, and its outer surface is provided over its entire length, between its bearings, with continuous longitudinal cogs.

D is the cutter-bar. This is arranged within the cylinder 0, parallel with the axis of the latter and suspended from a hinge, D, at one side of and parallel with said bar and the axis of the cylinder, the bar being thus allowed to oscillate in adirection perpendicular to its own 7 axis and that of the cylinder, but at all times held in a position parallel to its own axis and the axis of the cylinder.

To make the connection between the main portion of the cutter-bar and the hinge D,

'the bar may be deflected laterally along its middle to lie in the line of the hinge, as shown in Fig. 5; or the bar may be straight and have the transverse arms D D extending outwardly to the hinge D, as in Fig. 4.. In Figs. 1, 2, and 4 I show the hinge formed at the outer end of two transverse arms, 0, seated on the outer ends of the trunnions 0. These arms are used in order to providea relatively longer radius for the oscillations of the cutter-barbigo A Spring, D may be seated within--the'cylinder 0 to press the bar D outwardly from the center of the cylinder, so as to hold the tracer against the wall of the skein before that office i is performed by the axle-blank through the 5 engagement of the latter with the knife.

D is the tracer, and D the knife, the latter being directed toward the axis of revolution, and one being on the same side of and as far from the axis of the cylinder Gas the other is; or, in other words, both are in a line parallel to the axis of said cylinder, rather than on opposite sides of and in a line extending diagonally through said axis, as is the ease in the form of machine to which reference is made at the beginning of this specification. The dotted lines around the tracer indicate the position of the sliein, which is suitably centered and rigidly fixed over the end of the cutter-bar, and the dotted lines at the opposite end of the cutter-bar indicate the end of the axle, which is also suitably centered and fixed.

Now, when the cylinder 0 is rotated,the entire cutter-bar will revolve in an orbit around the axis of the cylinder, and its distance from said axis will be regulated by the shape and diameter of the interior of the skein. \Vhere the wall of the skein approaches the axis of revolution, the entire bar will be swung toward said axis and the corresponding part of the end of the axle cut deeper, and vice versa. Since the tracer and lrnife are both on the same side of the axis of revolution, the corresponding sides of the skein and axle must be on the same side of the axis of revolution instead of on opposite sides, as is the case in the form of machine to which reference is made at the beginning of this specification.

Beneath and meshing into the cylinder 0 is located the spur-gear E, mounted upon the short shaft E, at the opposite end of which is the miter-gear E, meshing into the miter-gear F on the driving-shaft F. Said shaft F is driven by the drive-pulley G or otherwise.

Beneath the carriage B is a transverse shaft, H, bearing the small spur-wheels H H, which mesh into racks B 13 on the under side of the carriage B. Said shaft H is driven by the shaft 1*", through the spur-wheels H and F The rotation of the spur-gear E rotates the cylinder 0, while at the same time the carriage B and the cylinder are drawn forward by the wheels H, the cogs on the spur-gear E meanwhile sliding along between the cogs on the cylinder 0.

The wheel H is held in engagement with its shalt by the clutch I. \Vhen the carriage has been drawn forward as far as desired, said clutch is released and the shaft H rotated in the opposite direction by means of the handcrank J or otherwise, thus returning the carriage to its original position.

The mechanism for operating the clutch I is as follows: The forked upper end of an arm, L, engages the clutch, while at its middle it is pivoted to a stationary support, L, and at its lower end it is hinged to a horizontal rod, L, extending to the opposite side of the machine, where it terminates in a ring, Z, which e111- braces an eccentric, M. Said eccentric rotates upon a shaft, N, supported from the frame A of the machine or otherwise. An arm, N,

may be so attached to the eccentric as to hang a little out of a vertical position when the eccentric has driven the rod L inward as far as permitted by the clutch I, the weight of said arm N serving to hold the clutch in engagement. To throw the clutch out of engagement, the arm N is raised in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2, and allowed to rest on a support, N the eccentric drawing the rod L outwardly and throwing the clutch from the wheel H It is obvious that the carriage and cylinder may be progressed by only one rack, 13, and spur-wheel H, or by a screw or ratchet mechanism.

The bearing-surfaces of the tracer and knife of the cutter-bar D must be in the same line parallel with the axis of the cylinder 0, and said bar is bent or deflected from said axis sufficiently for that purpose, and such line is to be regarded as the axis of the cutter-bar whether the latter is straight or bent, and its axis of oscillation is the hinge D, while its axis of revolution is the axis of the cylinder. This machine may also be used for turning duplicates of irregular or non-cylindric forms by causing the tracer to traverse the exterior of the pattern, and it may also .be used in'like manner for reaming from a pattern.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination, with a rotating cylinder, of a cutter-bar passing through said cylinder parallel with the axis of the latter and. attached to the cylinder by a hinge located outside of and parallel to the axis of the cylinder, whereby both ends of the cutter-bar may oscillate in unison on the same side of the axis of the cylinder, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with a rotating longitudinally-progressing cylinder, of a cutter-bar passing through said cylinder parallel with the axis of the latter and supported by the cylinder from a hinge located outside of and parallel to the axis of the cylinder, whereby both ends of the cutter-bar may oscillate in unison on the same side of the axis of the cylinder, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination, with a rotating cylinder supported on a carriage having a longitudinal movement, of a cutterbar passing through said cylinder parallel with the axis of the latter and supported by the cylinder from a hinge located outside of and parallel to the axis of the cylinder, whereby both ends of the cutter-bar may oscillate in unison on the same side of the axis of the cylinder, substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination of the carriage B, rotating cylinder 0, mounted thereon, and cutterbar D, hinged to said cylinder to oscillate upon an axis outside of and parallel to the axis of said cylinder, substantially as shown and de scribed.

5. The combination of the carriage B, a cylinder, 0, provided with the cutter-bar D and IOC having longitudinal cogs extending from onebearing to the other, the stationary spur-wheel E, one or more racks, B, and one or more spur-wheels, H, said spur-wheels E and H being driven simultaneously, substantially as described.

6. In a machine for turning irregular forms, the combination of a hollow rotating cylinder and a cutter-bar suspended in saidcylinder tooscillate upon an axis outside of and parallel to the axis of said cylinder and revolving therewith, such cutter-bar being provided with a tracer at one end and a knife at its op-' posite end, having their bearing-surfaces in a line parallel to the axis of the cylinder 0, and placed in suitable relation to a fixed blank and pattern, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

7. In a machine for turning irregular forms, the combination of a hollow rotating cylinder, 0, and a cutter-bar, D, the latter being suspended within said cylinder in the walls thereof, and while the machine is in operation havshown and described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in 0 presence of two witnesses.

' CYRUS KEHR.

Witnesses:

ROBERT CLARK,

W JAMES H.SMITH. 

